Tailored mRNA-1273 Booster Strategies Improve Vaccine Response in ESKD Following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

 

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Tailored mRNA-1273 Booster Strategies Improve Vaccine Response in ESKD Following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

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Kai-Ting
Chang
Kai-Ting Chang heildberg1008@gmail.com Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital Pediatrics Kaohsiung Taiwan *
You-Hsien Lin hugoyl@gap.kmu.edu.tw Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Nephrology Kaohsiung Taiwan -
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Although the global emergency phase of COVID-19 has subsided, optimizing vaccination strategies for immunocompromised populations remains a public health priority. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are known to have impaired immune responses. This study evaluated and compared humoral immune responses following booster vaccination with full- versus half-dose mRNA-1273 in ESKD and non-dialysis cohorts primed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

In this prospective observational study, 242 ESKD patients received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 followed by a full-dose (100 μg) mRNA-1273 booster. The control group comprised 271 non-dialysis individuals who received the same priming series followed by a half-dose (50 μg) mRNA-1273 booster, as recommended by Taiwan national guidelines. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were quantified.

Seropositivity following the second dose was observed in 47.2% of ESKD patients (33.64 ± 91.40 AU/mL) and 68.7% of controls (29.63 ± 47.94 AU/mL). After the booster, ESKD patients had significantly higher antibody titers than controls (221.56 ± 379.53 vs. 56.56 ± 47.39 AU/mL; p = 0.0015). Older age was associated with a diminished response (OR = 0.973, 95% CI: 0.959–0.989; p < 0.001), while a longer interval between vaccine doses enhanced response (OR = 1.028 per day, 95% CI: 1.011–1.046; p = 0.001). The second dose significantly improved seroconversion (OR = 2.115; p < 0.001), and the booster induced a 25-fold antibody increase (OR = 25.257; p < 0.001). Among ESKD patients, responders had higher hemoglobin levels than non-responders (11.07 ± 1.47 vs. 10.43 ± 1.67 g/dL; p = 0.0447). Significant interaction effects between pre-vaccination antibody levels and booster response were observed in both continuous (β = 869.40; p = 0.0004) and categorical (β = 697.74; p = 0.0002) models.

A full-dose mRNA-1273 booster significantly enhances humoral immunity in ESKD patients primed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, yielding higher post-booster titers than half-dose strategies in non-dialysis individuals. These findings support the need for tailored booster regimens in vulnerable populations.

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