Identifying Patients Who Need Social Worker Intervention Prior to Dialysis Initiation

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/6a925afc4338a885f0372d684619ad48.pdf
Identifying Patients Who Need Social Worker Intervention Prior to Dialysis Initiation

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Mineaki
Kitamura
Mineaki Kitamura minekitamura@nagasaki-u.ac.jp Nagasaki University Hospital Nephrology Nagasaki Japan * Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center Neprhology Nagasaki Japan
Hiroshi Yamashita yamashita@mtf.biglobe.ne.jp Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center Nephrology Nagasaki Japan -
Minako Sakai southchild0830@gmail.com Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center Nephrology Nagasaki Japan -
Haruka Fukuda haruka.hys884@gmail.com Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center Nephrology Nagasaki Japan -
Shinichi Abe shinichiabe4227@gmail.com Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center Nephrology Nagasaki Japan -
Tomoya Nishino tnishino@nagasaki-u.ac.jp Nagasaki University Hospital Nephrology Nagasaki Japan -
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As we face an aging population, many older patients require support through long-term care insurance and related services at the time of hemodialysis initiation. We have promoted pre-dialysis intervention by medical social workers (MSWs) to help post-dialysis patients' lives. We aimed to examine the association between pre-dialysis MSW intervention and post-dialysis outcomes to identify patients for whom pre-dialysis MSW intervention is beneficial.

We included patients who initiated maintenance hemodialysis between 2016 and 2023 at Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, provided they had at least one month of follow-up after their first nephrology consultation. Baseline clinical and laboratory data one month before dialysis initiation, and the status of pre-dialysis MSW intervention were assessed. Patients were followed up until 5 years after hemodialysis initiation.

Among 257 patients (mean age 72 ± 11 years; 64% male; 49% with diabetes), 132 (51%) received pre-dialysis MSW intervention. Compared with the non-intervention group, the intervention group showed significantly lower rates of unplanned dialysis initiation (22% vs. 70%), shorter hospital stays (median 8 days vs. 19 days), and lower rates of long-term care insurance application (9% vs. 21%) around dialysis initiation (all P < 0.05). Among major baseline factors, only the mean serum creatinine level differed significantly between groups (7.9 vs. 7.5 mg/dL, P = 0.03). During a median follow-up of 801 days, 64 patients died. The MSW intervention group showed better survival in Kaplan–Meier analysis (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.95, P = 0.04). Multivariable Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, serum albumin, and creatinine levels confirmed the independent prognostic benefit of MSW intervention (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.98, P = 0.04). Sensitivity analyses indicated that pre-dialysis MSW intervention was particularly effective among patients aged ≥70 years, men, those living with family, and those with a Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) < 91 one month before dialysis (all P < 0.05).

Pre-dialysis intervention by MSWs may improve outcomes after hemodialysis initiation. Early assessment of social risks and proactive use of social resources are desirable for patients approaching dialysis initiation. 

Kewords