A CASE OF LATE-ONSET NEPHROTIC-RANGE PROTEINURIA CAUSED BY AN ANTI-ANGIOGENIC THERAPY FOR METASTATIC BREAST CANCER

 

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A CASE OF LATE-ONSET NEPHROTIC-RANGE PROTEINURIA CAUSED BY AN ANTI-ANGIOGENIC THERAPY FOR METASTATIC BREAST CANCER

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Masashi
Mukoyama
Masashi Mukoyama mmuko@kumamoto-u.ac.jp Omuta Tenryo Hospital Department of Nephrology Omuta Japan *
Ken Imanishi k-imanishi@omutatenryo-hp.jp Omuta Tenryo Hospital Department of Nephrology Omuta Japan -
Yasunobu Iwata yasunobu.iwata.1575@gmail.com Omuta Tenryo Hospital Department of Nephrology Omuta Japan -
Koya Yamada gluon2061@outlook.jp Omuta Tenryo Hospital Department of Nephrology Omuta Japan -
Hideki Yokoi hyokoi@kumamoto-u.ac.jp Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Nephrology Kumamoto Japan -
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Case presentation: A 74-year-old woman was referred to our department because of bilateral leg edema and nephrotic-range proteinuria. She suffered from right breast cancer 13 years before, which was successfully treated by surgical resection at another hospital. She had been well without postoperative adjuvant therapy until 3 years before referral to this hospital, when potential metastatic lesions were found at the right chest wall and pulmonary lymph nodes. After confirming metastatic breast cancer, the chest wall lesions were treated by surgical resection, together with postoperative chemotherapy using CDK4/6 inhibitor/aromatase inhibitor. After changing to epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) regimen, the patient’s condition had been rather stable after 6 courses of EC therapy, when nausea and general malaise developed and worsened. Then, the regimen was changed to weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab (PTX/BEV) therapy. The patient had been generally tolerable over one year after starting the therapy, then hypertension, epistaxis, and hand-foot syndrome gradually developed. After 20 courses of PTX/BEV regimen (80 weeks of therapy), she noticed lower leg edema with 3+ proteinuria, and was referred for a consultation to our department.

On evaluation, the patient reported bilateral leg edema and malaise. The blood pressure was 157/89 mmHg, serum albumin 3.5 g/dL, creatinine 0.74 mg/dL (eGFR 58), BNP 285 pg/mL, and urinary protein 4.08 g/gCr. Because it was considered Grade 3 adverse events due to anti-angiogenic therapy, BEV was discontinued and the patient was followed with azilsartan and dapagliflozin. Two months later, after confirming alleviation of proteinuria, BEV was resumed at an 80% dose. Four months after starting BEV, adverse events with significant proteinuria and malaise again developed, and finally the PTX/BEV therapy was discontinued. After stopping, the patient showed a gradual decrease of proteinuria with fluctuations. During and after chemotherapy, there was almost no apparent changes in metastatic lesions.

 
 

The adverse events due to anti-angiogenic therapy are reported to be high, with proteinuria (~10% to 60%) and hypertension being most prevalent. The interval between initiation of the therapy and the onset of proteinuria varies significantly (several weeks to ~1 year), but the present case exhibited apparent proteinuria after 80 weeks of therapy. It is important to continuously follow up with close attention to renal function and urinalysis during and after anti-angiogenic therapy, even when the patient has remained stable without apparent adverse events over 1 year or longer.

Kewords