EXAMINING VARIATIONS IN ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINE-RECOMMENDED POST-ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY CARE IN PRIMARY CARE IN ENGLAND: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/966ae14c106ceff59ad33d48c92f656c.pdf
EXAMINING VARIATIONS IN ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINE-RECOMMENDED POST-ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY CARE IN PRIMARY CARE IN ENGLAND: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

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Tom
Blakeman
Pearl Mok Pearl.Mok@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester United Kingdom -
Simon Sawhney simon.sawhney@abdn.ac.uk University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science Aberdeen United Kingdom -
Tom Blakeman t.m.blakeman@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care Manchester United Kingdom *
Matthew Carr matthew.carr@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester United Kingdom -
Rachel Elliott Rachel.A.Elliott@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care Manchester United Kingdom -
Robbie Foy r.foy@leeds.ac.uk University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Health Sciences Leeds United Kingdom -
Simon Fraser s.fraser@soton.ac.uk University of Southampton School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Southampton United Kingdom -
Evangelos Kontopantelis E.Kontopantelis@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences Manchester United Kingdom -
Nicholas Selby nicholas.selby@nottingham.ac.uk University of Nottingham Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Nottingham United Kingdom -
Andy Lewington andrew.lewington@nhs.net Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Renal Medicine Leeds United Kingdom -
Alireza Mahboub-Ahari alireza.mahboub-ahari@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care Manchester United Kingdom -
Paul Roderick pjr@soton.ac.uk University of Southampton School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Southampton United Kingdom -
Darren Ashcroft Darren.Ashcroft@manchester.ac.uk The University of Manchester NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester United Kingdom -
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Tackling the harms associated with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a global priority. AKI affects around half a million people in England each year, contributing to 7 in 100 unplanned hospital admissions. However, despite the high risk of complications and a decade of improvement initiatives in the United Kingdom, little is known about the quality of post-discharge follow-up care for people affected by AKI. Our population-based study investigated adherence to guideline-recommended post-AKI care in general practices in England.

Using English hospital admission data (2017-2021), we created a cohort of discharged patients (≥18 years) with a hospital diagnostic code of AKI. Using linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care data, we examined the percentages of AKI episodes meeting criteria representing high quality post-AKI care, covering: diagnostic coding of AKI in primary care, post-discharge primary care contacts, monitoring blood pressure and kidney health status, and guideline-indicated prescribing. Variations according to demographic and clinical characteristics were quantified using binomial mixed regression.

209,222 patients (48.0% females; mean age 74.1 years) were included, representing 279,187 AKI inpatient episodes. Only 19.5% of episodes had AKI coded in primary care within 30 days of discharge, while 72.6% having a documented contact with their general practice. At 90±30 days after discharge, serum creatinine was measured in 34.2% of episodes, blood pressure in 34.6%, and albumin-creatinine ratios in 4.2%. Testing was more common amongst older patients and those with comorbid conditions. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor prescribing rates were low in patients likely to benefit.

There are multiple missed opportunities for identifying and improving patient care following hospital discharge after AKI. Rates of measuring albuminuria were particularly low, despite its strong association with subsequent kidney and cardiovascular events. The little post-AKI clinical activity amongst younger patients and those without comorbidities poses a barrier to the prevention and early intervention of chronic kidney diseases. Clearer arrangements at discharge, including case-specific guidance on discharge summaries, and the development and evaluation of concerted implementation strategies spanning secondary and primary care are needed.

A related abstract was presented at the Society for Academic Primary Care, Cardiff, United Kingdom, July 2025 (https://sapc.ac.uk/doi/10.37361/asm.2025.1.1)

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