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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
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Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
This study aimed to clarify the effects of empagliflozin (EMPA), sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and endurance exercise training on the soleus muscle in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, a model of type 2 diabetes.
Male eight-week-old SDT fatty rats (n = 29) were randomly assigned to four groups: exercise (Ex, n = 7), EMPA treatment (EMPA, n = 8), exercise plus EMPA treatment (EMPA+Ex, n = 6), and untreated control (Cont, n = 8). Age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n = 8) served as non-diabetic controls. Treadmill exercise training was performed four times per week from 8 to 16 weeks of age. EMPA was administered via chow (0.03%). At 16 weeks, blood samples and soleus muscle tissue were collected for analysis.
At 16 weeks, body weight was significantly higher in the EMPA and EMPA+Ex groups compared to the Cont, Ex, and SD groups, but the EMPA+Ex group showed significantly lower body weight than the EMPA group alone. All SDT fatty rats exhibited elevated blood glucose and serum insulin levels compared to SD rats. However, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in the EMPA and EMPA+Ex groups, and serum insulin levels were further reduced in the EMPA+Ex group compared to the Cont group. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was significantly increased in all SDT fatty rats, but was significantly improved by EMPA and also by EMPA+Ex.
Soleus muscle mass was reduced in SDT fatty rats compared to SD rats, but partially recovered in the EMPA group. The cross-sectional area of type I muscle fibers was reduced in the Cont and Ex groups, while it was preserved in the EMPA and EMPA+Ex groups.
Regarding mitochondrial function, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B was significantly upregulated in the EMPA and EMPA+Ex groups. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase expression was elevated in the Ex, EMPA, and EMPA+Ex groups, with the highest levels in the EMPA+Ex group. Citrate synthase activity was also significantly increased only in the EMPA+Ex group.
Autophagy-related markers showed that the LC3B-II/I ratio was significantly increased in the EMPA and EMPA+Ex groups. Phosphorylated p62 expression was elevated in all treatment groups compared to the Cont group, while total p62 levels were significantly lower in the Ex and EMPA+Ex groups, suggesting enhanced autophagic degradation. These results indicated that EMPA increased muscle mass, upregulated mitochondrial function-related proteins, and promoted autophagy in the soleus muscle, along with reducing blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the combination of EMPA and endurance exercise training further enhanced mitochondrial content and autophagic flux.
Our findings suggest that Empagliflozin exerts beneficial effects on the soleus muscle in type 2 diabetes. In addition, combining endurance exercise training with Empagliflozin may provide further benefits by enhancing mitochondrial function and autophagic flux.
