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Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
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Low birth weight is recognized as a risk factor for hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood, and is associated with a reduction in nephron number and an increase in residual glomerular volume. In this report, we present two cases of oligomeganephronia identified through abnormal urinalysis findings, where low birth weight was considered a contributing factor.
Case 1: The subject is a 21-year-old female who was born as an extremely low birth weight infant, with a birth weight of 740g. She subsequently developed healthily. At the age of 16, a school health checkup revealed persistent proteinuria, prompting a visit to a clinic. Given the estimated daily urine protein level of 0.4g/gCre and the absence of hematuria, she was followed without intervention. During a workplace health checkup in May of year X-1, decreased renal function was noted, with a creatinine level of 1.42mg/dl. A subsequent health checkup in June of year X indicated further deterioration, with a creatinine level of 2.09mg/dl, leading to her admission to our department on August 1 of year X for comprehensive evaluation. Renal biopsy results indicated decreased glomerular density (1.79/mm2), enlargement of residual glomeruli (369µm), and extensive cellular infiltration in the tubulointerstitial area, resulting in a diagnosis of oligomeganephronia and tubulointerstitial nephritis. She underwent six months of glucocorticoid therapy for tubulointerstitial nephritis, followed by tapering and discontinuation of steroids, with continued kidney-protective therapy. In the event of future renal function deterioration, a living-donor kidney transplant is planned, with her father as the donor.
Case 2: A 20-year-old male, born with a low birth weight of 2440g, exhibited normal development thereafter. During a junior high school health checkup, proteinuria was initially detected. Although he did not undergo urine tests during high school, a university entrance health examination revealed proteinuria at a level of 3+, prompting a visit to a clinic. On March 14 of year X, he was referred to our department. His creatinine level was elevated at 1.4 mg/dl, leading to his admission to our department on August 7 of year X. A renal biopsy revealed decreased glomerular density (1.35/mm²) and enlargement of residual glomeruli (291µm), resulting in a diagnosis of oligomeganephronia. He has continued outpatient follow-up and kidney-protective therapy.
Discussion: Oligomeganephronia should be considered when glomerular density is less than 2/mm2 and the diameter of residual glomeruli is 250µm or more on renal biopsy. Patients with oligomeganephronia may only present with mild urinalysis abnormalities during school screenings, so obtaining a detailed birth weight history during school urinalysis screenings is crucial for early detection.
