Estimated Number of Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan

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Estimated Number of Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan

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Co-author 1

Hirotaka Komaba hkomaba@tokai.ac.jp Tokai University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Isehara Japan *

Co-author 2

Yosuke Nakagawa ysuke_nkgw@tokai.ac.jp Tokai University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Isehara Japan -

Co-author 3

Masahiro Koizumi km9883@tokai.ac.jp Tokai University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Isehara Japan -

Co-author 4

Yusuke Tomita ytomita@tokai.ac.jp Tokai University School of Medicine Department of Transplant Surgery Isehara Japan -

Co-author 5

Michio Nakamura m_nakamura@tokai.ac.jp Tokai University School of Medicine Department of Transplant Surgery Isehara Japan -

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Introduction

Determining the number of kidney transplant recipients is essential for healthcare planning, assessing their proportion among patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and enabling international comparisons. In Japan, detailed data are collected for all transplants at the time of surgery; however, post-transplant follow-up is incomplete, leaving the number of recipients with functioning grafts unclear. Here, we estimated the number of kidney transplant recipients with functioning grafts over time using data from academic societies.

Methods

Using publicly available data from the Japan Society for Transplantation, we multiplied the annual numbers of living- and deceased-donor kidney transplants by era-specific graft survival rates to estimate the number of recipients with functioning grafts for each transplant year over time. Based on these estimates, we calculated the total number of recipients with functioning grafts in each calendar year. We also estimated the proportion of kidney transplant recipients among patients receiving KRT using the number of patients undergoing dialysis reported in the Japan Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry.

Results

According to the registry records of the Japan Society for Transplantation, 39,544 living-donor kidney transplants and 7,923 deceased-donor kidney transplants (total 47,467) were performed between 1956 and 2023. The estimated number of recipients with functioning grafts steadily increased, reaching 27,923 living-donor recipients and 3,616 deceased-donor recipients (total 31,539) in 2023. This accounted for approximately 8.4% of all patients receiving KRT.

Conclusion

Although kidney transplantation remains less common as a modality of KRT in Japan, the number of recipients with functioning grafts has steadily increased over time.

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