LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD RENAL PARAMETERS IN AGED CAPTIVE INDO-PACIFIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS

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LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD RENAL PARAMETERS IN AGED CAPTIVE INDO-PACIFIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS

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Co-author 1

Kumiko Tani tani.kumiko@kagawa-u.ac.jp Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine Kagawa Japan -

Co-author 2

Shinji Kosaka kosaka.shinji@kagawa-u.ac.jp Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine Kagawa Japan -

Co-author 3

Miwa Suzuki suzuki.miwa@nihon-u.ac.jp Nihon University Department of Marine Science and Resources Fujisawa Japan -

Co-author 4

Mariko Omata m-omata@okichura.jp Okinawa Churashima Foundation Animal Hospital Kunigami-gun Japan -

Co-author 5

Keiichi Ueda k-ueda@okichura.jp Okinawa Churashima Foundation Animal Hospital Kunigami-gun Japan -

Co-author 6

Akira Nishiyama nishiyama.akira@kagawa-u.ac.jp Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine Kagawa Japan *

Co-author 7

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Co-author 10

Co-author 11

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Co-author 15

Introduction

Captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) have been reported to survive for more than 50 years, and age-related health management through monitoring of blood parameters is essential. However, few studies have analyzed blood test data related to renal function. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the longitudinal changes in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels over a long-term period until advanced age in the same individuals.

Methods

We evaluated longitudinal records from five aged Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (four males and one female) that had been housed at the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium for more than 40 years (1981–2023). Body weight, body length, and blood parameters including calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), inorganic phosphorus (IP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CRE, BUN, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) were analyzed over time.

Results

Serum K showed a gradual decrease with aging, whereas IP exhibited an increasing trend. CPK increased markedly after 33 years of age, but Na, Ca, LDH, GOT, GPT, BUN, and CRE did not show age-dependent characteristic changes. Interestingly, in individuals suspected of renal dysfunction, serum BUN levels increased, while CRE showed a decreasing trend and rose sharply only immediately before death. IP also increased only just before death, similar to CRE.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that BUN may serve as a more useful indicator than CRE or IP for monitoring renal function in dolphins. However, because BUN is strongly influenced by interventions such as water administration, the development of more sensitive biomarkers is considered necessary.

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