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Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology is the subspecialty of nephrology, which covers procedures such as POCUS assessments, renal biopsies, placement of Tenkchoff catheters, as well as the placement of temporary and tunneled vascular accesses. Unfortunately, only in certain countries, the interventional nephrologist is capable of performing both diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures.
Due to the growing wave of patients with chronic kidney disease and the inability to meet the demand for kidney transplants as the treatment of choise, the interventional nephrologist is playing fundamental role for all those patients with other types of renal replacement therapy. In the case of vascular access, timely diagnosis and managment of complications such as stenosis and/or thrombosis using endovascular techniques are the gold standard, as they are minimally invasive procedures and with excellent results.
Currently, there are few countries in which interventional nephrologist carry out endovascular procedures, countries as USA, UK, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Portugal and India. In Latin America, only Brazil has such training, and Mexico, despite its dense population and high number of patients, endovascular management is carried out only by interventional radiologist and/or vascular surgeon. This unfortunately, on many occasions, delays treatment for patients since ther is not enough staff, in addition there are other priorities for their services, and not only that, because the vision of the nephrologist, in many cases, the objectives are not achieved as they should.
The objective of this work is to present the experience of my training in endovascular procedures, in Lucknow India, as well as the results obtained at the moment, upon my return to Mexico.
Under prior organization with the mentor and student, the training to be carried out is decided. In this case, the objective was training in endovascular procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic, including in peripheral and/or central routes, secondary to injuries from previous catheters or fistulas.
All procedures were previously studied and analyzed by both the mentor and the student, to devise the best approach and therapeutic plan, with close monitoring.
PROCEDURES PERFORMING IN MEXICO
Diagnostics
Therapeutics
Complications:
1 Fistulogram
- 2 Right internal jugular vein plasties with tunneled catheter placement.
- 1 Superior Vena Cava plasty and placement of tunneled catheter.
0
PROGRAM
Week 1
Clinical and US examination of vascular access
Familiarizing with workflow/SOPs and intervention setup
Use of Hardware / devices and drugs
Observation procedures
Week 2
Patient, site and device preparation. Observation of procedures.
Week 3
Performance of procedures as assistant operator.
Week 4
Performance of preocedures as primary operator.
PROCEDURES PERFORMING IN SGPGIMS, India
Procedures as assistant operator
Procedures as primary operator
-Procedures: 31
-Complications: 3
- Procedures: 15
- Complications: 0
During my stay, 46 procedures were performed, of which 13 were diagnostic, and 33 therapeutic. Of all of them, only 3 complications occurred, two dissections after the plasties, which were treated with internal and external compression, and 1 thrombosis after the procedure that required a reintervention after 24 hour with resolution of the problem.
Training programs such as the Interventional Nephrology Fellowship by the ISN, allow adequate and highly reproducible training in countries that previously did not have such procedures. Hospital like SGPGIMS, that have a significant number of patients and have all the student to acquire the appropriate skills to carry out highly complex procedures such as endovascular ones.