Denosumab Reduces Acute Renal Allograft Rejection Risk Compared to Bisphosphonates: A Target Trial Emulation

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/0e36e7b96fd40e044b928fb80fcd6280.pdf
Denosumab Reduces Acute Renal Allograft Rejection Risk Compared to Bisphosphonates: A Target Trial Emulation

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Chien-Liang
Chen
Chien-Liang Chen cclchen1@vghks.gov.tw Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Nephrology Kaohsiung Taiwan *
Renin Chang Rhapsody1881@gmail.com Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Medical Education and Research Department Kaohsiung Taiwan -
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In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether denosumab is associated with a reduced risk of acute renal allograft rejection compared with bisphosphonates in adult kidney transplant recipients with osteoporosis.

We conducted a retrospective target trial using data from the TriNetX database (January 2012–December 2023). Adult renal transplant recipients (≥18 years old) who received denosumab or bisphosphonates within the first-year post-transplant were identified. Overall, 3,794 recipients were screened, and 626 matched pairs were created using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was acute renal allograft rejection, and the secondary outcome was infection complications after the first-year post-transplant. Outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. 

In the propensity score-matched cohort, denosumab use was associated with a significantly lower risk of rejection (hazard ratio (HR), 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.72; p=0.0003). The effect was consistent across the age, sex, race, and thymoglobulin subgroups. The secondary outcome, the cumulative incidence of infectious complications, was not significantly different between the denosumab and bisphosphonate cohorts (p=0.4615, log-rank test). However, the denosumab cohort exhibited a non-significant increase in the incidence of infectious diseases (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89–1.30).

Renal transplant recipients treated with denosumab exhibited a significantly lower risk of acute rejection than those treated with bisphosphonates. These findings suggest that denosumab may serve as a dual-action therapy that supports bone health and reduces the immunological risk in renal transplant recipients with osteoporosis.

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