EXPLORING URINARY BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETEC AND HYPERTENSIVE CHRONIC DISEASE

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EXPLORING URINARY BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETEC AND HYPERTENSIVE CHRONIC DISEASE

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Co-author 1

Sumana Saseevan sisumana@univ.jfn.ac.lk University of Peradeniya Faculty of Science Kandy Sri Lanka -

Co-author 2

Dammika Mangana-Arachchi Dhammika.ma@nifs.ac.lk Faculty of Science National institute if fundamental study Kandy Sri Lanka -

Co-author 3

Nadeesha Nishanthi littlenadee@yahoo.com DGH Vavuniya Nephrology Vavuniya Sri Lanka *

Co-author 4

Sanath Rajapakse sanathr@pdn.ac.lk University of Peradeniya Molecular biology and biotechnology Kandy Sri Lanka -

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Introduction

In the current clinical setting, conventional serum biomarkers such as serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have several lapses in chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis. Diagnosing CKD using non-invasive methods is crucial for implementing prompt therapeutic interventions and preventing disease progression.

Methods

This study aims to identify the potential diagnostic urinary biomarkers and their correlation with existing renal markers, Scr, eGFR, and proteinuria in diabetic and hypertensive CKD. RNA was extracted from eighty-two urine samples of CKD patients and healthy controls (HC) and reverse transcribed for gene expression analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. The expression of NGAL, MMP9, ANXA3, OLFM4, PI3, and PRMT3 genes was analyzed relative to the reference gene, B2M. Fold changes (FC) in gene expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and hypertensive nephropathy (HT) were calculated against HC. Log2 normalized FC was used to determine significance levels and correlation with existing serum markers.

Results

NGAL, ANXA3, and OLFM4 exhibited the highest upregulations in DN with mean Log2FC 1.42, 2.66, and 5.87, respectively. A two-fold increase in NGAL FC was observed in early DN than in late DN, suggesting its potential as an early urinary biomarker for DN. PI3 and MMP9 were upregulated in HT patients with higher FC values. PRMT3 showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) in HT patients with Scr (r=−0.738) and proteinuria (r=−0.906).

Conclusion

The gene panels including ANXA3, OLFM4, and NGAL, and PI3, PRMT3, and MMP9, could have potential diagnostic value in DN and HT, respectively.

Kewords