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Renal manifestations in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are diverse. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics, as well as the spectrum of kidney pathology in PLHIV who presented with a nephrological syndrome.
A multicenter case series was conducted from June 2018 to July 2023. We collected demographic data, history of HIV infection exposure (immunological status and antiretroviral therapy), comorbidities, co-infections, as well as clinical, laboratory, and nephropathology report data from the clinical records. All kidney biopsies were evaluated by the same nephropathologist. The information was collected at each of the reference centers and integrated into a database. Descriptive statistics were performed with data expressed in medians, standard deviations, averages, and percentages. The SPSS version 26 program was used for data analysis.
In our case series, at the time of renal biopsy, most patients had appropriate immune reconstitution and were already on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The most common presentation was nephrotic syndrome, with HIVICK being the most common glomerulopathy. No significant fibrosis and severe atrophy were observed in the histological reports. It is important to point out that with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), we are now facing a wide variety of histological manifestations with subtle changes in clinical presentation, which are of great relevance for our clinical practice and decision-making.