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Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic condition of multifactorial origin, where intrinsic factors such as genetics, race, age and sex, and extrinsic factors such as geography, climate, food and work, intervene. Several studies have highlighted the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and nephrolithiasis, showing a high prevalence of obesity in patients with this condition, with figures ranging between 10% and 35%.6. There is a close relationship between BMI and the risk of kidney stones, being considerably higher in individuals with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight and metabolic profile in patients with kidney stones, in a specialized referral center.
Retrospective, observational and analytical study. A total of 1311 individuals over 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of kidney stones were included in the study. All evaluations were carried out following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Anthropometric data, weight and height, were obtained using a calibrated scale with a built-in stadiometer. BMI was calculated using the quetelét index (kg/t2). The metabolic study was performed at least one month after the symptomatic episode of kidney stones or no more than 12 months from the last episode. Patients were asked to continue with their diet and regular fluid intake, and to reduce bias, two samples were obtained. of 24-hour urine (periods A and B). Metabolite and pH data were obtained in urine (AU, Ca, P, Mg, Ox, Na, K, Cit) and blood (Ca, PTH, Vit D, Cr, AU, Urea). Given the nature of the data, the variables are reported as mean and standard deviation. For the analysis, the sample was divided into men and women and compared between normal weight, overweight and obesity by ANOVA test.
Obese patients presented a greater number of metabolic alterations; these results indicate that obesity is related to changes in the biochemical profile that can favor the formation of kidney stones. It is important to highlight that diverse metabolic disorders are observed and that the approach should be individualized and multidisciplinary.