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Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial process associated with worse clinical outcomes. Despite its high prevalence from the early stages of CKD, it is usually treated late, impacting the prognosis. Our objective was to know the prevalence of anemia by stage in CKD and the associated factors in patients who attend the nephrology outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.
Cross-sectional, analytical study. Patients from the nephrology outpatient clinic were included from January 2019 to October 2023.
2004 individuals with CKD were included and divided into G1 8% (157), G2 11% (212), G3a 12% (242), G3b 18% (366), G4 22% (448), and G5 29% (579), of this last group 46% (265) were on renal replacement therapy (RRT). The median age was 56 (17-93) years, and 52% (1035) were women. 48% (888) suffered from diabetes and 50% from hypertension. 45% (716) had proteinuria, with a prevalence >30% in all stages. The prevalence of anemia was 54% (950) and by CKD stage 18% in G1, 19% in G2, 60% in G3a, 41% in G3b, 59% in G4, 88% in G5, and 91% in patients in RRT. Proteinuria (OR= 1.7, 95%CI 1.2-2.7, p=0.003), RRT (OR=11.5, 95%CI 6.8-19.4, <0.0001), DM (OR=2.7, 95%CI) were identified as factors associated with anemia. % 2.1-3.5, p<0.0001), as well as CKD stages (G3a, OR=3.1, 95%CI 1.3-7.4, p<0.01; G3b, OR=4.9, 95%CI 2.1-11.31, p<0.0001; G4 , OR=7.8, 95%CI 3.4-17.6, p<0.0001; G5 OR=55.6, 95%CI 23.6-131.1, p<0.0001).