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The relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular risk has been extensively studied; the mortality associated with these two conditions remains a clinical and public health concern. The objetive was to assess cardiovascular emergencies in patients with pre-existing and newly diagnosed diabetes at a healthcare facility in Magangué, Bolívar, between January 2021 and July 2023.
An analytical study was conducted at a clinic in Magangué, Bolívar, spanning from 2021 to 2023. All patients admitted for cardiovascular emergencies were included, with 29% having diabetes mellitus. Descriptive summaries were made for quantitative and categorical variables. Statistical tests including Wilcoxon and Chi-square were used to evaluate differences between patient groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with cardiovascular mortality, calculating adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. R-CRAN software version 4.3.2 was used for statistical analysis.
A total of 452 patients admitted for cardiovascular emergencies were studied. The majority were females with an average age of 63 years. The most prevalent comorbidities were dyslipidemia, acute myocardial infarction, obesity, and hypertension. Headache was the most common reason for consultation. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, pre-existing cases exhibited more comorbidities and renal issues, while new cases had poorer glycemic control. Survivors had higher systolic blood pressure compared to non-survivors. Obesity significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Traditional risk factors remain crucial for monitoring, emphasizing the need to strengthen primary care for early detection and reduction of catastrophic events in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.