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Urinary tract malignant neoplasms represent a serious public health issue in Brazil. Kidneys, bladder, ureters, and the urethra can be affected by malignant tumors, and mortality associated with these conditions is high, especially in certain population groups. This underscores the need for studies on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and potential treatments for these neoplasms. This study aims to analyze mortality from malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract in Brazil.
A cross-sectional and documentary study with a quantitative approach, using data from the Mortality General Statistics of DATASUS, covering the period from 2010 to 2020. The variables assessed included region, age group, gender, and deaths by residence per year.
The sample included 80,378 deaths from malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract in Brazil between 2010 and 2020. Within this category, the most frequent cause was malignant bladder neoplasms (ICD 10 C67), accounting for 42,967 cases (53.4%). Malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract exhibited a gender distribution, with 52,780 cases in men (65.7%) and 27,592 in women (34.3%). In terms of age group, those aged over 70 and under 80 accounted for 22,731 deaths (28%), with 21,971 of them (27%) being over 80 years old, together constituting more than 50% of the sample. The southeast region had 40,934 deaths, while the north had 2,983, with the southeast representing over half of the sample and having the highest number of deaths, while the north had the lowest number of deaths (3.7%).
In relation to overall malignant neoplasm mortality, which had 2,293,212 deaths, malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract represented only 3.5%. However, the affected cases had a high mortality rate. Bladder neoplasms were the most frequent type of neoplasm, responsible for more than half of the cases. Most deaths occurred in men and in elderly individuals, with over half of the deaths occurring in people over the age of 70. The southeast region had the highest number of deaths.