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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication that occurs in 30 to 50% of patients admitted to intensive care units. AKI has a strong influence on short-term prognosis, and demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in occidental literature. Knowing that the hospital population in Togo is younger and presumably less comorbid, we initiated this study with the aim of determining the outcome of patients with acute renal failure hospitalised in the intensive care unit.
It was a longitudinal study running from 1/07/2022 to 31/03/2022. AKI was defined by KDIGO classification. The patients included had their creatinine levels measured on admission and every week until discharge from the intensive care unit. Follow-up was continued in nephrology with monitoring of renal function for up to 90 days. The data were analysed using R 4.3.0 software in the RStudio 2023.04.1 environment.
During the study period, 1,648 patients were admitted to intensive care units, and 185 patients were included and observed for at least 3 months. The average age of our patients was 49.6 ± 17.9 years, with extremes of 18 and 96 years. The patients were predominantly male, with a sex ratio of 2.1.AKI was KDIGO stage 1 in 18.4 %, stage 2 in 48.1% and stage 3 in 33.5%. Complete recovery was 42.2%, progression to ckd was 13.5% and mortality (death) was 44.3%. There was no significant difference in outcome according to socio-demographic characteristics. Patients with malignant nephro-angiosclerosis progressed more towards CKD, while those admitted for cirrhosis, sepsis and eclampsia progressed towards death
The outcome of patients admitted to intensive care for acute renal failure is generally not good. It does not depend on socio-demographic factors, but rather on the aetiology of the renal failure.