Introduction:
Heart failure often leads to hospitalization, with profound effects on other organs, particularly the kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Data on AKI prevalence in hospitalized ADHF patients in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia are scarce. This study aimed to determine AKI prevalence and identify associated factors in these patients
Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia from June 1 to September 30, 2022, including 239 participants through consecutive sampling. Demographic data were collected via patient interviews, and clinical and laboratory data from medical records. Data were analyzed with STATA 15.0 using logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with AKI in ADHF patients, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05
Results:
The mean age was 53.1 ± 18.2 years, with 59% of participants being female. The leading causes of heart failure were ischemic heart disease, followed by rheumatic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. The overall prevalence of AKI in ADHF patients was 25.1% (CI: 19.98-31.03). Independent risk factors for AKI included age ≥60 years (AOR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.34-6.21), diabetes mellitus (AOR=9.55, 95% CI: 2.68-33.99), hypertension (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.08-5.07), sepsis (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.09-4.80), use of loop diuretics (AOR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.86-8.69), and a history of AKI (AOR=11.56, 95% CI: 4.02-33.26)
Conclusions:
A quarter of patients admitted with ADHF developed AKI. Factors such as older age, comorbid diabetes mellitus, hypertension, sepsis, a history of AKI, and the use of loop diuretics were linked to a higher risk of AKI. Identifying these clinical characteristics at admission can help pinpoint patients at higher risk for AKI
I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.
I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.